Tuesday, November 30, 2010

New particle links dark matter with missing antimatter

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Nov 29, 2010

Physicists in the US and Canada have proposed a new particle that could solve two important mysteries of modern physics: what is dark matter and why is there much more matter than antimatter in the universe?

The yet-to-be-discovered "X" particle is expected to decay mostly to normal matter, whereas its antiparticle is expected decay mostly to "hidden" antimatter. The team claims that its existence in the early universe could explain why there is more matter than antimatter in the universe – and that dark matter is in fact hidden antimatter.

Dark matter is a mysterious substance that appears to make up about 80% of the material universe. Although its existence can be inferred from its gravitational pull on normal matter, physicists have yet to detect it directly and therefore don't know what it is made of. Antimatter, on the other hand, is easy to create and study in the lab. However, the Standard Model of particle physics cannot explain why antimatter is so rare in a universe that is dominated by matter – a mystery called baryon asymmetry.

Now, Hooman Davoudiasl of Brookhaven National Laboratory and colleagues at TRIUMF and the University of British Columbia have proposed a new particle dubbed X that could solve both of these mysteries. X has a mass of about 1000 GeV – making it about a thousand times heavier than a proton. This particle can decay to a neutron or to two hypothetical hidden particles called Y and F. Both hidden particles would have masses of about 2–3 GeV. Its antiparticle, anti-X, decays to an antineutron or to the pair anti-Y and anti-F.

Physicists have tried to try to explain the baryon asymmetry by invoking a violation of the charge–parity (CP) symmetry – the result being that decaying particles are more likely to generate matter than antimatter. CP violation has been observed in laboratories, but the preference for matter is far too small to account for the proportion of matter in the universe.

X also commits CP violation in a way that author Kris Sigurdson of the University of British Columbia calls a "yin yang" decay pattern. While X decays to neutrons more often than anti-X decays to antineutrons, it is balanced by anti-X, which decays to anti-Y and anti-F more often than Y and F. When almost all particles with an available antiparticle annihilated one another in the early universe, these discrepancies left a chunk of visible matter and a heavier chunk of dark antimatter to form the cosmos.

The team has also thought of how the anti-Y and anti-F particles could be detected. Unlike weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) – which dominate many theories of dark matter – anti-Y and anti-F do not annihilate each other. However, the antiparticles would cause protons to decay, which is forbidden by the Standard Model. If an anti-Y particle collides with a proton, for instance, a virtual interaction with particle X can break the proton apart, transforming it into a positively charged kaon, and turning the anti-Y particle into a F particle.

A detector looking for proton decays, such as SuperKamiokande in Japan's Kamioka mine, could catch the kaon. Kaons produced this way would have much higher energies than those generated by proton decays allowed by other theories that go beyond the Standard Model. Although protons are expected to be fairly resilient to this decay process, Sigurdson says, "This scenario could be on the boundary of detectability."

"It looks like a very interesting model," says Dan Hooper of Fermilab. Although at least three more models linking the production of dark matter to the baryon asymmetry are in development, he says that the proton-decay signature sets this scenario apart.

Matthew Buckley of Fermilab says that there is a sudden interest in linking dark matter with the baryon asymmetry because of recent experiments that have tried (unsuccessfully) to detect dark matter. Although WIMP models prefer dark-matter particles with masses around 100 GeV, the experiments suggest that dark-matter particles have masses nearer 7 or 8 GeV.

Having such a large mass "definitely isn't what a WIMP is 'supposed to look like'," says Buckley. However, dark matter that also explains the baryon asymmetry seems to be more in line with recent experimental results – which is why Buckley believes it deserves further exploration.

The work is reported in Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 211304.

Kate McAlpine is a science communicator based in the US

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WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Publishers of a wide range of scientific books.

Wiley's Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly (STMS) business serves the world's research and scholarly communities, and is the largest publisher for professional and scholarly societies. Our programmes encompass journals, books, major reference works, databases, and laboratory manuals, offered in print and electronically. Through Wiley Online Library, we provide online access to a broad range of STMS content: over 4 million articles from 1,500 journals, 9,000+ books, and many reference works and databases.

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Saturday, November 27, 2010

Graphene supercapacitor breaks storage record

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Nov 26, 2010

Researchers in the US have made a graphene-based supercapacitor that can store as much energy per unit mass as nickel metal hydride batteries – but unlike batteries, it can be charged or discharged in just minutes or even seconds. The new device has a specific energy density of 85.6 Wh/kg at room temperature and 136 Wh/kg at 80 °C. These are the highest ever values for "electric double layer" supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials.

Supercapacitors, more accurately known as electric double-layer capacitors or electrochemical capacitors, can store much more charge than conventional capacitors. An important feature of supercapacitors is that there is an extremely narrow gap between the electrodes – which are ultrathin layers. This means that a large amount of electrical charge can be stored in a tiny volume.

The new device was made by Bor Jang of US-based Nanotek Instruments and colleagues. It has electrodes made of graphene mixed with 5wt% Super P (an acetylene black that acts as a conductive additive) and 10wt% PTFE binder. A sheet of carbon just one atom thick, graphene is a very good electrical conductor as well as being extremely strong and flexible.

The researchers coat the resulting slurry onto the surface of a current collector and assemble coin-sized capacitors in a glove box. The electrolyte-electrode interface is made of "Celguard-3501" and the electrolyte is a chemical called EMIMBF4.

We believe that this is truly a breakthrough in energy technology Bor Jang, Nanotek Instruments

The energy density values of the supercapacitor are comparable to that of nickel metal hydride batteries. "This new technology makes for an energy storage device that stores nearly as much energy as in a battery but which can be recharged in seconds or minutes," Jang explained. "We believe that this is truly a breakthrough in energy technology." The device might be used to recharge mobile phones, digital cameras and micro-EVs, he adds.

The team, which includes scientists from Angstron Materials in the US and Dalian University of Technology in China, are now working hard to further improve the energy density of the device. "Our goal is to make a supercapacitor that stores as much energy as the best lithium-ion batteries (for the same weight) but which can still be recharged in less than two minutes," said Jang.

His team first discovered that graphene could be used as a supercapacitor electrode material in 2006. Since then, scientists around the world have made great strides in improving the specific capacitance of these electrodes but the devices still fall short of the theoretical capacitance values of 550 F/g.

"Despite the theoretically high specific surface area of single-layer graphene (which can reach up to 2.675 m2/g), a supercapacitance of 550 F/g has not been reached in a real device because the graphene sheets tend to re-stack together," explained Jang. "We are trying to overcome this problem by developing a strategy that prevents the graphene sheets from sticking to each other face-to-face. This can be achieved if curved graphene sheets are used instead of flat ones."

The work was reported in Nano Letters.

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Guest molecule builds 3D nanostructures

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Nov 26, 2010

The self-assembly of artificial 3D nanostructures on a surface has been achieved for the first time, claims a team of researchers in the UK. Until now, such assembly was only possible in 2D and the scientists say that the new technique could be useful for creating molecular computers and information storage devices of the future.

Self-assembly is an attractive bottom-up method for fabricating nanostructures. It is simple and quick, and does not require expensive equipment or extreme conditions. Until now, however, the technique has only been used to make simple periodic structures and making more complex architectures remains a major goal in nanotechnology today.

Neil Champness and Peter Beton's team at the University of Nottingham has now used self-assembly to build molecules upwards and outwards from a surface by introducing a "guest" molecule onto the surface. When additional "host" molecules are then added, these spontaneously arrange themselves around the guest, forming stable extra layers around the molecule.

"It is the molecular equivalent of throwing a pile of bricks up into the air and then as they come down again they spontaneously build a house," said Champness in a University of Nottingham press release. Before now, the molecular "bricks" could only form flat structures – like patios or paths in the house building analogy.

The Nottingham team employed carbon-60, or buckyballs, as the guest molecules. The researchers introduced the C60 onto a surface patterned by an array of host tetracarboxylic acid molecules. These molecules provide an array of nanopores that are stabilized by hydrogen bonding and they can selectively trap other simple molecules, like C60.

Because the C60 is a spherical-shaped structure, the acid molecules assemble around it, forming a 3D network. The technique is a completely new way to build up additional layers around a molecule, says Champness. The self-assembly process is also reversible – for example, by adding planar molecules such as coronene that displace the C60.

"Our work opens up the possibility of preparing increasingly complex molecular arrangements, whose organization can be controlled," he told physicsworld.com. "This means that the interactions between the molecules, be they magnetic, optical or electronic, can be controlled – something that will be essential for applications in which intermolecular interactions are important."

The team would now like to extend its work to create structures that assemble into larger arrays away from the surface, and introduce functionality – such a magnetic and electronic properties – into the arrays.

Ultimately, the technique could help to build new responsive materials with potential for sensing and possibly data storage, added Champness. "Such applications of our work are still a long way off though!"

The results were published in Nature Chemistry.

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NTEGRA Spectra won Frost & Sullivan best practices award 2010

NT-MDT
b.100 Zelenograd
Moscow
124482
Russian Federation

Tel: +7-495-913-57-37
Fax: +7-495-913-57-39

Integrated AFM + Raman NTEGRA Spectra of NT-MDT Co. was awarded the prestigious Frost & Sullivan Best Practices Award for 2010!

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NT-MDT Co. is proud to announce that its NTEGRA Spectra (AFM/ CONFOCAL RAMAN & FLUORESCENCE/ SNOM/ TERS) has won the prestigious Frost & Sullivan Best Practices Award 2010. This Award is presented to companies in recognition of making an outstanding contribution to their respective industries or achieving a competitive or customer-based leading position in the market.

Frost & Sullivan’s Global Research sees the TERS technology as a tool to overcome the difficulties related to understanding of phenomena at the nano level. Being able to study specific physical and chemical bonds might result in accelerated advances and yield a significant market advantage. Only its NTEGRA Spectra provides fully technical integrated with Raman spectrometer solution in terms of software, hardware, and concept for interdisciplinary science at the molecular level. As a result of such union, researcher can obtain optimum efficiency and more time for investigations which allow to focus on data collection and analysis.

“The enhancement, which in practical NT-MDT application is of two to three orders, takes place at the contact point between a metal tip and a sample, in the presence of a focused laser beam. The application of the tip is critical as it allows the technique to overcome the diffraction limit – the enhanced signal generation becomes the matter of a tip size (which is of a few tens of nanometers in diameter) rather than of a laser spot size (which could be of a few hundreds of nanometers in diameter),” Frost & Sullivan’s research analyst Igor Derylo say about its NTEGRA Spectra.

The its NTEGRA Spectra works in upright and inverted setups which enables investigation of both opaque and transparent samples. The TERS technology is of high importance for fundamental-level studies, such as proteomics or DNA research in the bio-medical field. The technology would also be beneficial for nano-materials development, for instance studies of semiconducting particles as well as carbon nanotube and graphene investigation, to be applied in novel functional and structural materials. Nano-level molecule interaction studies could also contribute to development of novel sensors and detectors for different biological or chemical content to be used for instance in defense sector. The TERS also enables advancements in industrial fields, such as research in corrosion, or catalytic processes.

In 2006 NTEGRA Spectra system was awarded by another well-known prestigious prize – its R&D 100 Award.

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Sacher Lasertechnik

Sacher Lasertechnik
Hannah-Arendt-Strasse 3-7
Marburg
D - 35037
Germany

Tel: 0049-6421-305-290
Fax: 0049-6421-305-299

Sacher Lasertechnik offers a portfolio of five different laser product families based on patented technology which find application in research, spectroscopy, metrology, environmental science, biomedicine, space technology and process control.

High power tunable single mode external cavity diode lasers with output power of up to 2.5W

Master laser power amplifier (MOPA) and tapered laser configurations availableoptical cooling and trapping, Rubidium, Cesium, etcBose Einstein Condensation (BEC)cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS)

Fully Automated tunable external cavity diode lasers in Littman/Metcalf configuration

InterferometryHolographyMolecule spectroscopyCavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS)Laser and OPO seedingNon-linear optical processesCharacterizing of fiber optical systemsMotorized versions for automated measurements

Tunable external cavity diode lasers in Littrow configuration

absorption spectroscopyoptical cooling and trapping, Rubidium, Cesium, Indium, etc.Bose Einstein condensation (BEC)Raman Spectroscopy, in-vivo detection of glucose with diabetes patients

Class D Antireflection coated diode lasers

Antireflection coated diode lasers with a reflectivity below 5E-5 for OEM and industrial customersPlasma assisted deposition technologyLaser chip and laser bar handling technology First business to offer antireflection coated laser diodes since 1992

Diode lasers

Fabry Perot Diode Lasers, FPDistributed Feedback Diode Lasers, DFBDistributed Bragg Reflector Diode Lasers, DBRBroad Area Diode Lasers, BALTapered Diode Lasers, TPLLaboratory grade and OEM packaged laser mountsButterfly packaged versions with fiber coupling

Low noise diode laser controllers with remote control

500mA operation current3000mA operation current

Pulsed Diode Lasers

5ns .. 100ns pulsed diode lasers

Argon Ion Lasers

Bio Analysis and Life Sciences Exposure Technologies Test & Measurement

Represented Tunable Lasers
Sacher Lasertechnik represents and supports further tunable laser products within the United States and Canada. These products are:

Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) from GWU Dye Lasers, Ti:Sa Lasers from Radiant Dyes High quality opto-mechanics from Radiant DyesNd:YAG lasers Innolas

Customer Support:
Sacher Lasertechnik is excellent set up for serving our research and industrial customers worldwide. Products are marketed around the globe by local representatives in key markets. Service centers are located in Europe, India, the U.S.A. for fast customer support.

Corporate Information:
Sacher Lasertechnik is a well established, privately owned business with more than 13 years experience in laser technology. The founder, Dr. Joachim R. Sacher is one of the pioneers of diode lasers with external cavity. The company has developed from a university spin-off in 1992 to a technology leader in the field of high power tunable external cavity diode lasers. Sacher Lasertechnik U.S. was founded in 1999 for better serving U.S. customers.

Intellectual Property:
Dr. Joachim Sacher was one of the first scientists who recognized the commercial potential of external cavity lasers in connection with antireflection coated diode lasers. The first successful antireflection coatings were realized as early as 1987 at Marburg University. External cavity designs followed within the next years. Key elements of the technology basis are protected by several patent families. Due to these excellent proprietary solutions, Sacher Lasertechnik has become one of the fastest growing laser businesses worldwide.

The Team:
Sacher Lasertechnik is operated by an interdisciplinary research team consisting of physicists, electrical engineers, biologists all with magna cum laude PhD or Diploma degrees. Research results are frequently presented at international conferences and published in leading industry magazines and science journals since 1989. Up to now, Dr. Sacher has authored or co-authored a large number of articles in the field of external cavity diode lasers and their application. Due to our interdisciplinary research team, we have been able to extend this knowledge base into environmental and life science. Technology references are presented at our website for fast access.

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Friday, November 26, 2010

New Release: Zaber's RS Series Motorized Rotary Stages

* Continuous 360° rotation stage * Handles heavy loads with a compact footprint * Speeds of up to 11.7 rpm and torque up to 80 N-cm * Two lens mounts allow use as a motorized polarizer holder

Zaber's RS60 precision motorized rotary stage is stepper motor and worm gear driven, and capable of continuous rotation. Each rotary stage is wired for use with Zaber's T-MCA series stepper motor controller, offering high resolution daisy-chainable operation, with increased speed and high-speed torque over the T-RS series stages. The RS60 rotary stage is pictured above.

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Hamamatsu Photonics 20 Milliwatt Single Mode CW Laser Diode

Hamamatsu Photonics introduce a brand new 20mW CW laser diode, the LC0293, with a peak emission wavelength of 763nm and is a lateral single mode type, with an emission area of just 1µm x 5µm.

Designed specifically for use in oxygen monitoring applications, the LC0293 uses a distributed feedback (DFB) structure, which allows for a very narrow line width; a maximum spectral radiation half bandwidth of just 1 picometer. The new diode also features very long lifetime characteristics, and is available in a 9mm CD package. This new single mode laser diode will be of interest for any application where a reliable light source for oxygen monitoring is required.

Hamamatsu also offer a range of laser bar devices, supplied either as bare diodes, or provided as a module, with CW powers up to 60 Watts per bar and a choice of water cooling, peltier cooling or Hamamatsu’s patented funryu cooling technology.

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BK7 Bi-convex Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

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BK7 Bi-concave Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

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NINGBO YUHUI COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT CO. ,LTD

We factory established in 1995,is one of the leading communication equipment manufacturers in China.Products are related to whole cabling system such as network cabinet, distribution box, patch panel,modules, fiber optic patch panel ect.

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BK7 Plano-convex Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

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Cooperative Phenomena in Flows

Themes:
1. Gas, liquid, particle/granular flow
2. Flow in and of organic/living systems
3. Turbulence
4. Vortex flow

Topics will cover both experiments and theory. In addition to about 40 hours of invited lectures and seminars, there will be tutorials and discussions. Participants are encouraged to submit abstracts for a poster session.

This Geilo Advanced Study Institute ("The Geilo School") is intended for postgraduates and researchers in the field of soft condensed matter, statistical physics and biological physics. The proceedings of the School will be published a Special Topics Issue in The European Physical Journal (Springer).

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Charge Transfer in Biosystems - ESF-LFUI Conference

The Conference aims at bringing together scientists active world-wide in the theoretical and experimental investigation of charge transfer in biomolecules and complex systems that include a biological component (such as protein/surface and DNA/surface interfaces), to assess the state of the art in the field in terms of methods and knowledge. We also aim at training young scientists who pursue a multidisciplinary career that bridges physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Another expected outcome is the creation of new collaborations that potentially may open new research avenues and lead to expanding knowledge in the near future.
Charge transfer in biological molecules is a crucial issue for its implications in chemical reactions in living organisms and for the potential exploitation in nanotechnology. The measurement and theoretical description of the phenomena have been traditionally developed and carried out by the chemistry community, with typical instruments and tools. In the last couple of decades, with the advent of nanotechnology and the investigation of nucleic acids and proteins in this context, different communities have also come into play, notably physics and engineering. Therefore, new investigation methods have been prepared and applied, in both experiment and theory. The field is now mature to integrate the various approaches towards a consensus that would boost a deeper investigation of charge transfer in bio-systems in solution and interacting with solid materials, to gain new knowledge towards improving diagnostics and therapeutics on one hand and developing the next-generation nano scale electronic devices on the other hand.
Few events have so far occurred to bring together the various communities that can convoy their expertise to improve the understanding of charge transfer phenomena. Given the latest developments in theoretical methods and experiments, the proposed conference is quite timely and the originality that can emerge from mixing experiences is outstanding.

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New Release: Zaber's T-G-LSM Series Gantry System

* 100 or 200 mm travel per axis (custom lengths available) * Low profile – 70 mm overall height * Customizable – add another Zaber stage for a Z-axis

Zaber's Gantries are designed for multi-axis applications where load and travel requirements exceed the rated cantilever load specs of Zaber's simpler XY or XYZ systems. In addition, Zaber's Gantries are designed for use where access is required to the entire area under the system. A synchronized pair of lead-screws provide very low backlash and high stiffness. Gantry systems include a baseplate with a full M6 on 25 mm grid of mounting holes, integrated high flex cable and cable management system.

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New Release: Zaber's LSM Series Miniature Motorized Linear Stages

* 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200mm travel * 10kg load capacity and up to 58 mm/s speed * Very low profile at only 21mm stage height * Can be mounted in XY and XYZ configurations

Zaber's LSM series devices are motorized linear stages with high thrust and speed capabilities and a very compact size. They are designed to be used with our T-MCA controller, or can be used with any 2-phase stepper motor controller. At only 21 mm high, these miniature stages are excellent for applications where a small profile is required. The LSM's innovative design allows speeds up to 58 mm/s and loads up to 10 kg. Like all Zaber's products, the LSM series is designed to be 'plug and play' and very easy to set-up and operate when used with our T-MCA controller. The stages can be mounted in XY and XYZ configurations with no additional hardware.

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BP Chemicals Enhances Site Safety With FLIR Infrared Technology

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FLIR Advanced Thermal Solutions has announced an application story that describes how BP Chemicals is using its GasFindIR™ cameras for the visualisation and documentation of gas leaks.

In the production of acetic acid BP Chemicals is world renowned and responsible for a significant proportion of world capacity. Acetic acid is a highly versatile substance. It is produced by the combination of carbon monoxide and methanol in the presence of a catalyst. Every year the company invests many millions of pounds in improving production efficiency, minimising environment impact and protecting the workforce. And it is largely with personnel safety in mind that BP Chemicals took a fresh look at how FLIR thermal imaging technology could help minimise leaks.

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BK7 Negative Meniscus Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

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International Conference on Quantum Metrology 2011

You are cordially invited to attend the International Conference on Quantum Metrology (QM) in Poznan, Poland. The QM`2011 is organized by Poznan University of Technology (Poland) and Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena (Germany).

An aim of the conference is the presentation of results of research and of development, both theoretical and application, in the quantum metrology. In the intention of organizers the QM conference has to be a conference, addressed to metrologists and physicists. We foresee the participation in the conference of guests invited to uttering of short lectures.

The conference language is English. Presentations of reviewed papers will take place on oral plenary sessions, and in the case of the greater number of papers also on a poster session.

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Radiation-hard Lens for Large Format Cameras

Resolve Optics Ltd.
Asheridge Road
Chesham
Bucks
HP5 2PT
United Kingdom

Tel: 44-1494-777107

.

The Model 305 Fixed Focus Non-Browning Lens from Resolve Optics Ltd. has been designed to provide uncompromised performance with large image format cameras and sensors used in environments subject to radiation.

Measuring only 30mm in diameter the compact f2 lens delivers high image resolution and minimum geometric distortion from 400 - 750 nm.

Manufactured to the highest quality standards from cerium doped glass or synthetic silica the Model 305 lens is able to withstand radiation exposure of up to 53 kGy (108 rads) and temperatures up to 55 degrees centigrade without discoloration. Designed to give a 40° field of view in both the vertical and horizontal planes and 25 Cycles/mm the Model 305 lens is able to provide uncompromised optical performance for images up to 18mm in diameter.

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BK7 Ball Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Dimension Tolerance:±0.01mm
Surface Quality:60-40
Sphericity:<0.005mm

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BK7 Plano-concave Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

View the original article here

Galaxies pin down dark energy

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Nov 25, 2010

A new way of measuring the geometry of the universe confirms that dark energy dominates the cosmos and bolsters the idea that this unusual form of energy is described by Einstein's cosmological constant. The technique, developed by physicists in France, involves a relatively easy measurement of the orientation of distant pairs of galaxies.

Over the past decade or so, several kinds of observation, such as measurements of the distances of remote supernovae, have provided strong evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Cosmologists believe that this expansion is being driven by what is known as dark energy – a substance with negative pressure that opposes the pull of gravity. Unfortunately, however, they have little idea of what dark energy actually is, having been unable to measure its properties well enough to distinguish between rival hypotheses.

The new approach, devised by Christian Marinoni and Adeline Buzzi of the University of Provence in Marseille, should help narrow down the options as well as provide another means of working out the geometry of space. It involves comparing the known shape of very distant objects with the shape of those objects as revealed by astronomers' observations. Astronomers don't measure distances, and hence shapes, directly, but instead measure the extent to which the wavelength of radiation from a distant object has increased – or redshifted. This tells them the speed at which the object and Earth are moving apart.

Hubble's law states that the speed at which objects within the universe move apart from one another is proportional to the distance between them, so knowing the speed of a distant object reveals how far away it is (although this is only approximately true at very great distances). But if the space between that object and the measurer has an unusual geometry or if the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating then the distance measured will not be accurate. So the idea is to vary the quantities that represent the geometry and the strength of dark energy until the distances of interest match up with expectations.

This principle was first proposed by the astronomers George Alcock and Bohdan Paczynski in 1979 but has been difficult to carry out in practice because the redshift due to the local motions of the objects themselves tends to mask that caused by the expansion of the universe. What Marinoni and Buzzi have done is to study a system for which the local motions can be filtered out in quite a straightforward way. They don't measure a shape as such but instead the orientation of pairs of galaxies several billion light years from Earth that are in orbit around one another in binary systems. They reason that such galaxy pairs should be randomly oriented and so a large set of these binary systems should have an even distribution of orientations. Any deviation from that even distribution would reveal the influence of spatial geometry and dark energy, once the local effects have been removed.

To compare their technique against real observations they measured the orientations of galaxy pairs using data from the DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey and then used more local data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to calibrate the motion of the galaxies themselves. Their analysis agreed with the standard cosmological model regarding both the geometry of the universe and the abundance of dark energy – confirming that the universe is flat, in other words that it follows the ordinary laws of Euclidean geometry, and that dark energy makes up around 70% of the energy-matter content of the universe.

They also calculated a value for the strength of dark energy that suggests this substance comes in the form of the cosmological constant – a term that Einstein added to (and then removed from) his equations of general relativity. If correct, this means that the repulsive force is constant throughout the evolution of the universe and that it is mathematically is equivalent to the quantum-mechanical energy of the vacuum.

If you keep the technique simple you can avoid biases. Cosmology is a science where systematic errors are just behind the door Christian Marinoni, University of Provence

Marinoni argues that their technique represents a valuable additional approach to understanding dark energy, since, he says, it is "simple, transparent and faithful". In particular, he says, it does not rest on any questionable physical assumptions. "If you keep the technique simple you can avoid biases," he says. "Cosmology is a science where systematic errors are just behind the door."

Alan Heavens of the University of Edinburgh, who wrote a commentary piece to accompany the paper, agrees that the new method is "nice and direct". But he warns that it does contain an assumption that must be tested – that the orbital properties of local galaxy pairs are equal to those of galaxies from 7 billion years ago, when the light left the objects catalogued in the DEEP2 survey.

The research is described in Nature 468 539.

Edwin Cartlidge is a science writer based in Rome

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BK7 Positive Meniscus Spherical Lenses

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Material:BK7

Design Wavelength :632.8nm
Focal Length Tolerance :±1%
Diameter Tolerance :+0.0/-0.1mm
Thickness Tolerance :±0.1mm
Surface Accuracy :?/4@632.8nm
Surface Quality :40-20
Centration :<3' Clear Aperture :>90%
Bevelling :<0.2×45°
Coating :AR A:350-650nm B:650-1050nm C:1050-1580nm

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International Symposium on Advanced Complex Inorganic Nanomaterials

ACIN 2011 is an international symposium organised jointly by the University of Namur (FUNDP) and the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) on behalf of all INANOMAT partners (BELSPO).

The aim of this meeting is to offer an update of recent innovations in both fundamental and applied aspects highlighting new advances and progress in the field of nano-materials (inorganics, ceramics, hybrids, molecular and bio-inspired). We encourage researchers to submit an abstract of their most recent research related to one of the four following topics:

T1: Nano-sized and nano-structured materials: Fundamental Aspects, Surface Science Mechanisms, Theoretical Models and Characterization.

T2: Advanced preparation methods: New precursors, New methods including Sol-Gel processing, New materials, Processing and Shaping.

T3: Templated and Self-assembled (porous) materials including MOFs and hybrid materials.

T4: New Applications and New Properties: Chemical (catalysis, sensors, gas storage) and Physical (magnetism, optics, conductivity, spin crossover…) properties and applications in fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, …

The emphasis will be put on interdisciplinarity (Complexity and relation with other disciplines) and on future directions (New trends). The organisers would also like to make this meeting a discussion forum between scientists working in the field and also those who would like to become acquainted with new developments and perspectives of applications of nano-materials.

Abstract submission: Jan 15th 2011

Early registration and payment deadline: May 1st 2011

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optics system design service and special custom industrial lens

GoldDragonOptics
P.O Box2024(guilin road),ChangChun,Jilin P.R.China
ChangChun
130021
China

Tel: +86-431-85353336
Fax: +86-431-85353338

Zoom optics system CCD machine vision system Image-side telecentric system Object-side telecentric system Double-side telecentric system Double-Gauss optics system

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Research & Industrial Applications of Near-IR Cameras

.

FLIR Advanced Thermal Solutions (ATS) has announced a white paper that reviews a selection of the major applications for which Near-Infrared cameras are particularly well-suited.

Near-IR cameras, which are sensitive to the near-infrared spectrum (0.9 to 1.7 µm) are increasingly found in research laboratories, design departments and on factory production lines. Used to view phenomena that cannot be observed with 'thermal' (MWIR/LWIR) imaging systems, Near-IR cameras have many advantages.

A copy of 'Near-IR cameras: R&D and Industrial Applications' is available on request from research@flir.com or by telephoning FLIR ATS on +33-1-6037-0100.

View the original article here

Advent Research Materials Ltd

We are suppliers of metals and alloys, Aluminium to Zirconium. We offer same day despatch and competitive pricing, online pricing and ordering.

Advent provides a fast, friendly & efficient catalogue mail order service for metals and alloys in small quantities for research, development and industry.

A 'Special Orders' service is available for those items not listed in the catalogue.

Order online at www.advent-rm.com

Free printed catalogue, 800 stock lines, 4500 standard packs, 31 metals and alloys, low, medium and high purities are available from 99.0% - 99.999%.

Forms Available:
Foil, Sheet, Plate, Wire, Insulated Wire, Wire - straight cut lengths, Woven wire mesh, Rod, Tube, Pellet, Lump, Ingot, Polymers.

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Hamamatsu Photonics 50mW CW Single Chip Laser

Hamamatsu Photonics introduce a brand new 50mW CW single chip laser diode, the L11336. This new diode is a lateral single mode type, with an emitting area of 5µm and a centre wavelength of 1205nm.

This new laser diode adds to Hamamatsu’s increasing range of single chip laser diodes, available at wavelengths from 685nm to 1205nm. The L11336 features very long lifetime characteristics, and is available in 5.6mm and 9mm diameter CD packages, as well as side-out and head-out OHS packages.

Hamamatsu also offer a range of laser bar devices, supplied either as bare diodes, or provided as a module, with CW powers up to 60 Watts per bar and a choice of water cooling, peltier cooling or Hamamatsu’s patented funryu cooling technology. Stacked bar arrays (with up to several Kilowatts output power), fibre-optic coupling and a choice of other wavelength laser diodes are all available to specific customer request.

View the original article here

Goodfellow Cambridge Ltd

Goodfellow Cambridge Ltd
Ermine Business Park
Huntingdon
PE29 6WR
United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)1480-424800
Fax: +44 (0)1480-424900

Serving the needs of science and Industry Worldwide. Goodfellow supplies metals, ceramics and other materials to meet the research, development and specialist production requirements of science and industry worldwide.

Goodfellow offers two distinct services:
The first meets the needs of those customers who need small quantities of our standard products for immediate shipment.
The second is for those customers who require larger quantities or further processing of our standard products, or who need products which we are able to supply.

The Goodfellow group consists of four companies. The main administration, research laboratories and workshops are located at the Company's headquarters in Cambridge, England. The subsidiary offices in America, France and Germany provide additional service.

Our Products:
Metals and Alloys - Goodfellow supplies virtually all of the pure metals from Aluminium to Zirconium as well as a comprehensive range of alloys. Most are available in a variety of forms, including rod, wire and foil
Ceramics - The ceramic materials offered by Goodfellow have been carefully chosen and include both the established as well as more recently developed products.
Polymers - The range of polymers supplied by Goodfellow is broad and includes both the familiar as well as some of the more unusual or recently developed materials.
Compound and Intermetallics - Goodfellow can supply aluminides, borides and silicides as well as other intermetallics and compounds.
Composites - These are manufactured on a custom-made basis.

Our specialised Services:
On many occasions we are asked to process our stock materials as well as those supplied by our customers. Therefore we have developed considerable expertise in handling and working with many materials and are able to offer a comprehensive range of processing services to meet the requirements of our customers in quantities ranging from single prototypes to production runs.
Our Technical Services Team is available to discuss materials and processing. WIth their background in metals, polymers and ceramics, they have long been recognised as an invaluable source of information and advice on our range of products and services.

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MicroMaterials Nanomechanical Testing Technical Seminars

This is your chance to find out more about hardness, modulus, adhesion and toughness measurements at the nano and micro scale. Each seminar will provide an introduction to the theory, current research and live demonstrations. We will be holding these seminars in various locations during Spring 2011 including Oxford, Strathclyde, Swansea Universities and Imperial College. For more information and exact dates please go to www.lotoriel.co.uk

MicroMaterials are a world leading manufacturer in nanomechanical testing instruments. As the NanoTest is fully modular one can taylor experiments to replicate mechanical stress as it would be in the field, such as cutting tools at high temperature; the NanoTest incorporates a hot stage that allows nano and micro indentation even at elevated temperatures (up to 750°C ) with stability. Micro Materials also have the patented 'nano-impact' technique that enables ultra-low load fatigue wear testing.

The seminars are free of charge and include lunch and refreshments. As numbers are limited, early registration is recommended. To register please go to www.lotoriel.co.uk or call Angela Carslake on 01372 378822, e-mail angela@lotoriel.co.uk

Please note that the seminars will consist of talks and no demonstration equipment will be on display.

View the original article here

Thanksgiving 2010: Turkeys' Incredible Uses Other Than Food -- Cancer Research ...


Thanksgiving 2010: Turkeys' Incredible Uses Other Than Food -- Cancer Research ...
Huffington Post
From cancer research to alternative energy sources, it's time to be thankful for turkeys, beyond Thanksgiving. Benson, Minnesota runs a power plant using ...
See all stories on this topic »
Do Solar-Powered Funds Have a Sunny Future?
Morningstar.com
As scientists try to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels, the sun has become one of the most promising alternative energy sources, but translating...
See all stories on this topic »
Indiana lagging on renewable energy plan
Gary Post Tribune
Standards generally require electric utilities to generate a certain amount of electricity from renewable oralternative energy sources by a given date. ...
See all stories on this topic »
USU prof receives prestigious energy award
Cache Valley Daily
Wood will be recognized for nearly four decades of leadership in alternative energy research resulting in significant contributions to the development of ...
See all stories on this topic »
Fidelis Energy Ships 23 MW Solar PV Modules Ahead of Schedule
AZoCleantech
Fidelis Energy, an alternative energy company engaged in the developing and selling of solar power products, declared that it has shipped 23 MW of solar PV ...
See all stories on this topic »
BMW chief: German auto industry needs to expand beyond electric as alternative ...
CanadianBusiness.com
BERLIN (AP) - BMW's chief executive says German automakers need to look beyond electricity as the only renewable energy source for the industry and is ...
See all stories on this topic »
Waste to Biofuels Key to Unlocking Energy Dependency in Mangalore, India
Waste Management World
... inevitable that the region will depend on alternative energy resources, and hence research is underway to produce biofuel using agriculture waste. ...
See all stories on this topic »
Boulder energy meeting prompts questions about openness
Daily Camera
Both men are members of the city's "Decarb Task Force," a group appointed by the city manager to examine alternative energy options for the city. ...
See all stories on this topic »
Make Way for Ethanol
Securities Industry News (subscription)
(Special Section on Scaling Up Alternative Energy, 13 August, p. 784), RF Service identifies factors contributing to fading enthusiasm for cellulosic ...
See all stories on this topic »
Enbridge buys stake in Genalta Power
Toronto Star
“Investing in promising alternative energytechnologies is one of the ways Enbridge is contributing to a greener energy future,” said Chuck Szmurlo, ...
See all stories on this topic »
Valley Calendar
Canada.com
27, Alternative Energy Workshop: The Challenge of Replacing Fossil Fuels, Heritage Hall, Island Savings Centre, 1-5 pm, guest speakers, alternative energy ...
See all stories on this topic »
How to beat the terrorists? Revamp the TSA.
Lawrence Journal World (blog)
... I believe that fossil fuels should be heavily taxed and the resulting resources dedicated to alternative energy (including nuclear) and I believe that ...
See all stories on this topic »
Texas real estate business acquires Energy Savings Store
Kansas City Star
He said solar energy would be the top choice foralternative energy projects at commercial and residential properties that want to be more self-sufficient. ...
See all stories on this topic »
A rising tide in alternative energy?
Minneapolis Star Tribune
COBSCOOK BAY, MAINE - Moored in the channel, the little gray barge strains against a raging morning tide. The torrent soon will drain nearby rocky inlets ...
See all stories on this topic »
Credit county delegates for study of wind turbines
Cape Cod Times
But planning and thoughtful consideration of the best locations for development of alternative energyproduction facilities should not be cast aside ...
See all stories on this topic »
Facing up to our power sources
Cape Cod Times
An alternative is increasing our use of alternative energy sources. And this leads me to enthusiastically support the wind turbines under consideration in ...
See all stories on this topic »
Lots of bubbles out there: when are they going to burst?
Sydney Morning Herald
Another is alternative energy. Think of all the venture capital-backed companies pushing solar and wind power when the economics of alternative energy are...
See all stories on this topic »
Leveraging Taiwanese Companies' Strengths to Jointly Develop the Business ...
Business Wire (press release)
... the Chinese government will be investing 7.5 billion Yuan in the development of vehicles powered byalternative energy sources, and a government subsidy ...
See all stories on this topic »
Dialogue displays wide GNU ideological chasm
Zimbabwe Independent
On the contrary, mining companies operating in the country argue that the country's perennial energy crisis and unsustainable costs of alternative energy ...
See all stories on this topic »
Matt Taibbi's Class Warfare is Truthy and Depressing
The Millions
We paid for this instead of a generation of health insurance, or an alternative energy grid, or a brand-new system of roads and highways. ...
See all stories on this topic »
New solar water heater manufacturer for the Eastern Cape
PitchEngine (press release)
The company will manufacture solar water heaters for the South African market as part of a response to government's call for alternative energy solutions to...
See all stories on this topic »
TeliaSonera has announced creation of a single network for three cellular ...
Azerbaijan Business Center
The Company also intends to expand production of the batteries of cell phones running on alternative energy sources, particularly on solar energy. ...
See all stories on this topic »

Azerbaijan Business Center
Research and Markets: Power Quarterly Deals Analysis: M&A and Investment ...
Business Wire (press release)
Additionally, the report provides information on the top Private Equity (PE), Venture Capital (VC) and advisory firms in the alternative energy industry. ...
See all stories on this topic »
Anti-wind group's ethics questionable
WatertownDailyTimes.com
I am a resident of Cape Vincent, I am in favor ofalternative energy but am not designated to have a wind tower on my property.
See all stories on this topic »
Oil: Beyond the Barrel - And Over the Cliff
Seeking Alpha
... now so entrenched in Congress, which seems dedicated to any alternative energy in direct inverse relation to its usefulness in actually replacing oil. ...
See all stories on this topic »
Canadian Companies Receive Agfa Graphics' GreenWorks™ Honors
Media Newswire (press release)
This includes recycling, waste reduction programs andalternative energy use in their plants. To see a full listing of GreenWorks printers, ...
See all stories on this topic »
Towns Speed Ahead With Solar Plans
Martha's Vineyard Gazette
“But the state is trying to get enough action going to make people build plants here to make [alternative energy technologies], so they've instituted what ...
See all stories on this topic »
Over-optimistic shale gas bonanza
Barentsnova
According to him, alternative energy sources are not commercially viable since their development process is donated by the state while the energy itself is ...
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Blogs13 new results for "alternative energy"
 
Is alternative energy a pipe dream in the short run? | Green ...
By admin
by t2ll2t Question by bar9018: Is alternative energy a pipe dream in the short run? Should the citizens of the united states demand the government provide.
Green Energy and You - http://www.greenenergyandyou.net/articles/
Geothermal Power – The New Alternative Energy? | iarticle.org
By poster2
By using this alternative energy, we will thus become less dependent on the oil and coal used to create fossil fuels. Since there is no limit to the amount of geothermal energy one can have, therefore it would never become a commodity ...
iarticle.org - http://iarticle.org/
The Different Classes Of Chinese Herbs | Alternative Energy News
By sectrix.articles
Chinese herbs for drugs, better referred to as Chinese herbology is a system that dates from 1000's of years ago. They have been in usage to cure a variety of.
Alternative Energy News - http://alternativeenergynews.org/
'When Oil Peaked' argues for alternative energysources | Peak Oil ...
By admin
'When Oil Peaked' argues for alternative energysources. Fans of John McPhee's 1981 book “Basin and Range” will remember Kenneth S. Deffeyes, the longtime Princeton professor who helped guide the reader through what was then called the ...
Peak Oil News and Message Boards - http://peakoil.com/
City gov't urged to look for alternative energy sources | Mindanao ...
By Kristianne Fusilero
THE WORLD Wide Fund (WWF) has urged the city government to look for alternatives sources of energy as both have registered their opposition to the planned.
Mindanao Times - http://www.mindanaotimes.net/
Smart Strip Scg3 Energy Saving Power Strip |Alternative Energy ...
By admin
Filed under Alternative Energy Sources · Tagged with electronics, energy, green, home, smart strip scg3 energy saving power strip with autoswitching technology, tobuy. Speak Your Mind. Tell us what you're thinking. ...
Alternative Energy Sources Guide - http://www.alternativeenergysourcesguide.com/
How to Seek Grants for Alternative Energy R & D
By Anders Eriksson
If you are someone who wishes to begin researching and developing alternative energy technologies and you would want to be set up as a not-for-profit organization or entity, you will want to look into getting government grants, ...
The Sources DOT org - http://www.thesources.org/
Is it possible to put an alternative energy engine (ie hybrid or ...
By syamsul
Question by Z M: Is it possible to put an alternative energy engine (ie hybrid or diesel) in an old Jeep Wagoneer? We really love the old Wagoneer bodies, but aren't about to pick one up unless we can swap out the engine. ...
Cars and Trucks - http://cars.nrswealth.com/
Renewable Solar Energy
By Sam Taylor
Save energy by using alternative energy solutions products like solar thermal systems and solar panels UK. Get ideas for solar energy solutions, water energy solutions and also get solar energy saving tips. Home energy solutions tips is ...
Alternative Energy Solutions... - http://energy-solutions-tips.blogspot.com/
Ethanol Expert David Blume Interviewed on KPTV Portland ...
By admin
Alcohol Can Be a Gas! Ethanol expert David Blume hits the high points of why alcohol fuel is the smart, sustainable al.
Alternative Energy Advantages - http://alternative-energy-advantages.com/
Renewable Energy – An Overview | wind energy systems, alternative ...
Alternative energy, or solar, water and wind power, are certainly not new although they have received much attention recently. Wind, solar and water power have been utilized as power sources in both developing and developed countries ...
wind energy systems, alternative... - http://www.windenergysystems101.com/
Alternative Energy: No, Hybrids Don't Cost More To Repair And Maintain
By 1rfruth
Alternative Energy. Thursday, November 25, 2010. No, Hybrids Don't Cost More To Repair And Maintain · No, Hybrids Don't Cost More To Repair And Maintain: " Hybrids like the 2011 Toyota Prius cost more to repair and maintain, right? ...
Alternative Energy - http://alternativeenergy-1rfruth.blogspot.com/
revelation of silence » Blog Archive » nuclear energy madness
By E.
There were several reasons for this: it would give the scientists two decades to focus on alternative energyresearch, and come up with alternatives; it would give the energy companies enough time to adapt to the new situation; ...
revelation of silence - http://www.revelation-of-silence.com/

Web9 new results for "alternative energy"
 
New Orleans Alternative Energy Buzz Articles, New Orleans...
Read the latest New Orleans Alternative Energy Buzz news and view New Orleans Alternative Energy Buzz pictures from our team of local insiders.
www.examiner.com/alternative-energy-buzz-in-new-orleans
AuldLochinvar: The whole idea of "alternative" energy coming from ...
“The whole idea of "alternative" energy coming from the sources that were abandoned for coal in the Industrial Revolution ought to be obviously absurd. ...
www.huffingtonpost.com/.../energy-debate-series-stew_n_735...
The Alternative Energy Advantage - Advantages Of Geothermal Power
The Alternative Energy Advantage - Advantages Of Geothermal Power. Do you ever think of renewable energy that is sourced conveniently?
www.prlog.org/11098142-the-alternative-energy-advantage-a...
Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design (GreenSource Books ...
Design High-Performance Alternative Energy Systems for BuildingsA comprehensive reference for architects and engineers, this GreenSource book provides ...
www.powells.com/biblio/9780071625241
Best of Alternative Energy Africa, November 21-25, 2010 - iContact ...
Like this newsletter? Subscribe via RSS Feed · Petroleum Africa > Alternative Energy Africa Week > Best of Alternative Energy Africa, November 21-25, 2010 ...
community.icontact.com/.../best-of-alternative-energy-africa-n...
Alternative Energy | BASIC - Bay Area Science & Innovation Consortium
The Bay Area is a world leader in the development ofalternative energy technologies. In 2007, BASIC produced the impressive report, “Innovative Energy.
www.bayareabasic.org/secret-sauce/bay.../alternative-energy/
The Hype Surrounding Grass as an Alternative Energy Source...
10, 2010 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Synthesis Energy Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq: ), an alternative energy technology company that provides advanced technology ...
article.wn.com/.../The_Hype_Surrounding_Grass_as_an_Alter...
Green Printing in South Africa - Alternative Energy Africa
Are you ready for 2010's final edition of Alternative EnergyAfrica ? Get your subscription NOW and don't forget to ask about our plans for 2011. ...
ae-africa.com/read_article.php?NID=2559
Another off grid power idea (Permaculture Forums: alternative energy)
Permaculture Forums | permaculture | alternative energyforum | Topic: Another off grid power idea. Pages: [1]. Author. Another off grid power idea ...
www.permies.com/bb/index.php?PHPSESSIONID=&topic...